The Origins Of The First Amendment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 586 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/24 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: First Amendment Essay Did you like this example? At the constitutional convention that took place in Philadelphia in 1787 James Madison and many other delegates met with the intention of rethinking the Articles of the confederation. The first well-known amendment of the constitution, the first amendment Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.. United States citizens have the right to practice whatever religion we want to follow. It is the establishment clause and free exercise clause that enables separation of church and state preventing a government-funded Church of the United States from being created and exploited. The government cannot require a specific religion for all its citizens. The government of the united states cannot subject its citizens to rules or laws that forbid them from speaki ng our minds. The press can print and distribute news without fear of being punished, even if that news is not good regarding the country or the government. During the 18th century, American political activists such as Thomas Paine were subject to persecution for publishing unpopular opinions. The freedom of press clause makes it clear that the First Amendment is meant to protect not only freedom to speak but also freedom to publish and distribute speech. U.S. citizens have the right to gather toward common goals and interests without interference from the government or the authorities. U.S. Citizens can petition the government to suggest changes and voice concerns. In 1789, James Madison nicknamed the father of the Constitution originally wrote out nineteen amendments. Ultimately they became the ten amendments that make up the Bill of Rights. Madison believed our individual rights were protected by the constitution but later recognized the importance of the amendments and the bi ll of rights politically. Madison was unquestionably the one who wrote the First Amendment in this regard. Although, this does not mean he was the one who came up with the concept. Madison stood by the Constitution, believing that the Bill of Rights was somewhat unnecessary. He did not believe that the federal government would ever become powerful enough that it would need the bill of rights. There are many factors that complicate his status as the author. Thomas Jefferson really was the person who convinced Madison to change his mind and proposed the Bill of Rights. Jefferson was inspired by the work of European philosophers such as Cesare Beccaria and also John Locke who believed we all had a right to freedom, liberty and we are equal and independent. The freedoms that are described in the First Amendment, religious free exercise, separation of church and state, and the freedoms of speech, assembly, press, and petition did seem to concern Jefferson. The ideas in the First Amend ment were motivated in part by similar free speech protections written into other various state constitutions. If there is anything remarkable about James Madisons role in the creation of the amendment it was that he was able to stand up and demand these protections be permanently written into the U.S. Constitution Madison did write the First Amendment. Madison had a reputation as a nationalist and some called him a political genius for his contributions to the constitutions and its amendments. Because many states were calling for more constitutional protection, this model for a constitutional amendment protecting free expression and freedom of principals was not really all that original. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Origins Of The First Amendment" essay for you Create order

Interesting and Useful Facts about Iron

Iron is one of the elements you encounter in its pure form. It is essential for nutrition and used in a variety of household objects. Here are some quick facts about iron. Iron Facts Iron is an element that has been known in its pure form for at least 5,000 years. The name iron comes from the Anglo-Saxon word iron and Scandinavian iarn for the metal.The element symbol for iron is Fe, which comes from the Latin word for iron, ferrum.Iron is one of the most plentiful elements. It comprises about 5.6 percent of the Earths crust and almost all of its core.The single largest use of iron is to make steel, an alloy of iron, and a smaller amount of carbon. According to archaeological records from Anatolia—also called Asia Minor, a peninsula that today makes up the Asian part of Turkey—man has been producing steel for at least 4,000 years.Iron is a transition metal.Iron is not always magnetic. The a allotrope (or form) of iron is ferromagnetic, yet if it is transformed to the b allotrope, the magnetism disappears even though the crystal lattice is unchanged.Animals and plants require iron. Plants use iron in chlorophyll, the pigment used in photosynthesis. H umans use iron in hemoglobin molecules in blood to allow for the transport of oxygen to tissues throughout the body.Although iron is an essential mineral, much of it is extremely toxic. Free iron in the blood reacts with peroxides to form free radicals that damage DNA, protein, lipids and other cellular components, leading to illness and sometimes death. Twenty milligrams of iron per kilogram of body weight is toxic, while 60 milligrams per kilogram is lethal.Iron primarily forms compounds with 2 and 3 oxidation states.Iron is formed via fusion in stars that have sufficient mass. The sun and many other stars contain significant amounts of iron.

Run Forrest Free Essays

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NDRun Forrest, Run! Movie critical analysis paper. James Bilesimo | Developmental Psychology | 3/19/18A Psychological Analysis of Forrest Gump. The movie Forrest Gump tells a story of a simple man and his journey through life. We will write a custom essay sample on Run Forrest or any similar topic only for you Order Now Forrest Gump’s story takes place during a time of historical significance in our country, The United States of America. His story began in the 1950’s, and ran through the 1970’s. This was a period in our country where morality, and equality had come to be questioned for the first time since our country broke away from its European roots, and won its independence on July 04, 1776. The American culture and its society would be changed forever over this twenty-year course. Forrest Gump is very simple-minded man who lives his life by a set of values forever instilled in him by his mother. Early in the movie when Forrest was just a young boy, he was found to be physically handicapped forcing Forrest to wear braces (also known as foot abduction braces) on his legs. Forrest Gump also had an IQ of just seventy-five, he would now have to endure a life time of critical judgements from peers and adults alike. Forrest Gump had a very loving, and caring mother who helped him develop a deep, strong sense of â€Å"self† with her wisdom, and straight forwardness. Because of his mother’s strong guidance during his early stages of life, he is able to overcome his physical handicap, and achieve his highest quality of life by doing what many people only dream of; Forrest Gump became a famous runner, football player, business owner, and war time hero. The story that this movie tells us, is a great example of how a child’s mind develops through a series of stages, and through these stages they can construct their understanding of the world we live in by interacting with it. Jean Paiget developed four stages of cognitive development, which begin at birth, and span well into adulthood. Heading 2 You might like the photo on the cover page as much as we do, but if it’s not ideal for your report, it’s easy to replace it with your own.Just delete the placeholder picture. Then, on the Insert tab, click Picture to select one from your files. How to cite Run Forrest, Papers

Sport Organization and Governance Fc Barcelona

Question: Describe about the Demonstrate an understanding of the organisation of sport, its variety across nations and sports, and evolution over time? Answer: The Beginning, 1899 According to BalagueÃÅ' , (1950), Mes que en club means More than a Club. FC Barcelona the world renowned football club from the heart of Spain was initially founded by the Gamper in the year of 1899 with the help of young foreigners residing in Barcelona. This initiative was later was also found to be the door to popularity of every other British sports and the football across the Europe. These initiatives clearly developed an enormous intellectual property and identity of the club and its deep allegiance towards the Barcelona and Catalonia. With the time since the origin of the club, people from Barcelona started becoming interested in playing football and every other British sport. The Joan Gamper the founder of the club has been the inspiration for the club to achieve its first 25 years the Silver Jubilee. The club today stands tall due to the level of commitment and dedication that the Gamper showed in the preliminary years of the club. And with time his role went far beyond as the player, the director of the club and then the president. Augmentation of FC Barcelona, 1908 The club sooner started to grow with the time, however in the month of November, 1908 the club started to struggle with its existence and 38 members decided to leave the club. Gamper however decided not to bail on the club and kept it afloat, since then he took the presidential position of the club and started to lead it. Burns (1999) stated that, this historical step helped the Gamper to consolidate and retain the clubs image within the panorama of football and within the different parts of the city Barcelona and Spain. Due to the efforts of the club and Gamper, people from Barcelona at first started to play at their own whenever they get time and later the game developed its popularity within the other parts of the country. However, there are different set of actions and acquisitions that also helped the FC Barcelona to gain the position; acquiring various football grounds, a steady growth of its members, restructuring of clubs law and other regulatory reforms played a vital role. At the same time on the other hand, the club started to develop as one of the best known clubs from all around the world, which eventually made the football a professional sport in the region of Spain. During the time the FC Barca developed solid foundations in terms of a football club, which eventually took the club beyond the dream that those young foreigners and Gamper saw in the year of 1899. By the time the football has become one of the most played outdoor British games that were gaining popularity within the Europe. Era of 1919-1930 As the club started to gaining popularity all over the Barcelona then country Spain and then all over the world, the players were the main role players that took the club to the position it is today. Among one of the finest goalkeepers the Ricardo Zamora, who was also nick named as the el Divi means (The divine one) said to be one of the best acquisition that the club made so far. Some of the finest players at that time were Hedebuted and Samitier; these players took the club to another level of success. Acquiring these players were said to be the turning point in the clubs history. Ricardo Zamora was not with the team for very long he played for the club for only three seasons but with the level of his dedication and performance, he left a mark on the teams history. It is due to players like Ricardo Zamora, Samitier and Hedebuted football evolved as the main stream professional game within the Europe, supported by Eaude (2008). The Era of 1930-1939 The FC Barcelona Club was fully committed to every social, cultural and political reform that was initiated by the Catalan Republican Government. The cub released a newsletter that clearly delivered that the club is not only concentrated upon the sports but also is committed towards cultural and political activities. The newsletter was released in the year of 1932, which gradually made the clubs aim, objectives and position clear to every person that are interested over the club. At the time of civil war the club did face a lot of threats stating that the club FC Barcelona will be taken away from the actual authority. The club immediately acted upon the threat developing a committee decision, which eventually saved the club. The committee was firm with the decision that not to break away the pattern of leadership it previously held. During the early 1930s the club had to face a lot of political and general trouble, which eventually affected the brand image of the club. During this period the club had to face several devastating events; the first being the death of the founder of the club, the civil war, the assassination of the president and establishment of the second Spanish republic. This eventually led to other devastating and uncertain events, such as the club started to lose its members and some players started to bail on their contracts. 1957, Inauguration of Camp Nou The camp Nou construction started in the year of 1954 and was finished three years later. The grounds or the fields were inaugurated under the presidency of Miro-Sans in the year of 1957. The inauguration ceremony was a huge success; various celebratory events took place, which had a main event of a match against selected players from Warsaw. This was the first time ever the Barca enjoyed a victory of 4-2, and the start player who scored the goal was Eulogio Martinez, who scored the first ever goal. The Stadium initially was made for a capacity of 93, 053 spectators, the entire cost of the stadium was 288,088,143 pesetas. According to Gaarskjr (2010) today, the Camp Nou is the largest stadium that the Europe ever had with a capacity of 98,772 spectators. With its solid stepping stone the FC Barcelona today is one of the most popular and best known football club in all over the world. 1961-1969 the Social Dimension The club however is one of the biggest clubs all around the globe but is far away from sporting success. During the era of 1960s the FC Barcelona did saw numerous increases in the number of members for itself. However, increase in the members of the club did not see any improvement in sporting success of the club, at the same period Catalonia received an enormous number of migrants and it was the FC Barcelona that was the key to access the society of the Catalans. Construction of the enormous Camp Nou was the main reason of financial severity, which eventually restricted the club to acquire big players. According to Ranachan (2008) Failure to acquire big players also led to club to a period of uncertainty of sporting success, which reflected in the later part of the clubs success rate. 1969-1978 By the time the club successfully achieved the position where they gained the tagline of More than a Club. In the year of 1969, the Agusti Montal was selected as the president of the club, he further emphasized upon involving members of the club. Agusti believed in gathering opinions and point of views from its members; as he believed that members also must play an active role in the clubs success. According to Agusti Montal, it is essential for the members to contribute in the clubs operations and actions and he promised that their values and opinions would reflect through the results of the clubs success. It was the Agusti Montal, who was again elected as the president in the year of 1973, and developed the slogan that Barca is more than a club. At the time of his presidency, Agusti defended the concept of centralization as it was practiced by the Spanish Football Federation and by the National Sports Delegation. Agusti also defended the process of Catalanism restoration, as he never wanted it to affect the development of the Football within the particular part of the Europe. It was due to the efforts of the Agusti, the FC Barcelona club began to start gaining its reputation back, the symbols and the name of the organisation that was affected and began to sound more Spanish post civil war. As an impact of the civil war corruption was at its peak, when foreign players started to falsify their birth certificate and nationality in order to enlist with the Spanish football. The Barca wanted to sign contract with the Johan Cruyff, which post this period seem to come in a shape of reality and with the contract of Johan Cryuff the Barca began to regain it lost popularity in the field of football. 1978-1988, More Members and more Stars With the strong determinationto become worlds best football club, the Barca successfully achieved the fame and name by now. With best players enlisted with the club the FC Barca successfully gained European Cup for the first time in the year of 1979. This helped the FC Barcelona to gain the top position in the list of best football clubs in the world. It was the time that the club won the European club under the presidency of Josep Luis Nunez. During the period of 1980s the club had to go through various ups and downs due to the results of the match, performances of the star players along with some other factors, which never had a relation to the football performance of the club (SabarteÃÅ' s, 1987). This in particular decade witnessed arrival of some fine players for generations, who became legends, like Maradona, Quini, Schuster, Julio Alberto, Alexanco, Urruti, Marcos and various other. The club also witness some great quality team managers in this era in particular such as the Helenio Herrera, Lattek, Venebles, Menotti and others. The period also has been marked as it witnessed the first ever multi-million contracts that appeared. The right to television also popularized the fame of the organisation over the time period, which eventually affected and elevated the financial affairs of the FC Barcelona. The Club started to grow bigger and saw an extension of the Camp Nou, which again increased the numbers of members of the football club. Critically analyse the governance issues and their implications for the management of the sport The FC Barcelona football club is one of the most reputed and famous football club which operates all over the world and is famous due to the different types of highly valued players are in the team making the team powerful and have a high reputation and goodwill among the other clubs in the world. For the efficient management of the club it is very important that the management should take unbiased decisions regarding the sport and for the players who are the part of this famous club. In accordance with Villatoro (2013).Good governance is a part of motivating the players and the employees who are in the management to do their work efficiently and they should work under the strict rules and regulations lay down by the management of the club. Recently it has been observed from the report that the FIFA disciplinary committee has sanctioned the FC Barcelona for breaching which is associated with the international transfer issues and the registration of the players who are under the age of 18 in the club. According to Gaarskjr (2010) there has been investigation done by the FIFA transfer Matching System over the previous year that the FC Barcelona has seen violated the provisions for the international transfer of the players and the registration of the non-Spanish minors in the clubs and also other regulations associated with the registration and the participation of the different players in national competitions. The investigations report says that there have been many players who have been registered and participated in the competitions with the club between the period 2009 and 2013. It has also been seen that there has been problem arise in the protection of the minors in relation with the international transfer. According to the article 19 0f the Regulations on the Status and the Transfer of the Players the international transfer of the players are only allowed if any player has the age over 18.This article also reveals that international transfer of the minor players are only all owed when it has been granted permission from the subcommittee of the players Status committee. In this respect the Disciplinary committee told that the protection of the minors in relation with the international transfers is an important issue of governance which is concerned with the stakeholders of the football club. The committee also highlighted that FIFA should take the right of the protection of the minors and the protection of the minors are an important governance issue which needs to tackled so a legal agreement has been made between the FIFA,UEFA and the European Commission 2001. The disciplinary committee of FC Barcelona with the help of the FIFA should give full protection to the minors. According to the article 19 it has been found that ten minor players have been made the agreement and the FIFA has decided to sanction a heavy ban of CHF 450,000 for the two complete transfer periods. According to SabarteÃÅ' s (1987) the other issue of governance could be the struggle made by the players of FC Barcelona to get democracy. In the year 1978 Nunez became the president of Spain and Nunez was not from the Catalan family which could be the driving force for getting entered into the football club. Nunez has a difference in the management styles and from the beginning it has been told that it would depoliticize the club. This depoliticization of the club have a positive relation with the de-catalanization as a result this made the club prevented to grow financially when there are fears of separation is knocking at the door. During the leadership of Nunez the membership model of FC Barcelona has also changed which has reduced the rights of becoming the member of this football club which deteriorates the democracy within the club stature. There has been lack of financial support from the political bodies as a result the club is very poor financially and there has been la ck of control over the internal environment of the club. There has been debt of huge amount and chaos created within the committee of the FC Barcelona and due to the lack of strong regulatory framework there has been rise in the costs and the financial losses as a result there has been a rapid change in the membership model of ownership in FC Barcelona. There has been the issue of taxes and the legal structure of the football team and the debts have been owed to the public bodies which is a serious issue of the governance for this team. The other issue of the governance could be the lacking of the corporate social responsibility as the way FC Barcelona is now revitalized a s a global brand all over the world the football club is getting financially strong and becoming so much commercialized and professional as they are getting lost with the social and the cultural roots. The New board of directors of FC Barcelona is trying to implement a parallel strategy in order to develop the activities in the corporate social responsibility so that the club can retain its cultural and social presence. With the invention of the new board the social responsibilities have been increasing and developing time to time as a result there is a more involvement of the society with the club taking place. The Foundation club has been promoting the social activities by making the charity events and the fundraising events by which they entered a partnership with the UNESCO signing a deal of five years in the year 2006 for promoting the foot b all as a social and the cultural sport supporting the community in building the values and culture. There has also been the sponsorship deal formed between FC Barcelona and UNICEF which is great example of promoting the corporate social responsibility issue which have been talked about the FC Barcelona team. Over the years FC Barcelona is going through a very lean patch of financial loss and huge debts have been incurred in the club and the committee and the board of directors could not found any solution in making for this great loss taking place. After that there has been sponsorship of the shirt taking place between FC Barcelona and UNICEF the shirt has the huge value of sponsorships. However the football club banned the selling of the FC Barcelona shirt which is a strong socio political statement which is against the cultural and the social values of community which is associated with the club. The governance issues which has been summarized has different type of implications which includes the economic implications as due to the change in the structure of the government the FC Barcelona team has been lacked due to the financial support from the political bodies as a result there has been high financial loss and debt which could be harmful for the growth of the organization but due to the changes in the political structure of the government the club FC Barcelona has emerged into a global brand and it has got the recognition all over the world. The issue on the legal aspects of the business makes them declining their performance in the sport which has a negative impact on the governance of the FC Barcelona team. The unhealthy corporate social responsibility making the team lose its competitive advantage over the other football clubs in the entire Europe so they are also getting financially backward as due to the implementation of the corporate social responsibilities they ha ve been getting the huge money from the different events and sponsorships could be another one which could be helpful for the team to get financially strong and this gives an opportunity for the board of directors to pay attention on the rebuilding and the growth of the FC Barcelona team during the different periods of time. Critically discuss past and contemporary research on sport organisation and governance and the implications of this research for the management of sport. There has been a popular justification of the governance structure of the team FC Barcelona is that in order to become one of the famous clubs across the Europe the club needs to attract the major investments sop that it can compete with the other football clubs in the world. FC Barcelona is not at all a profit making club which has been owned by the 150,000 members. It has been critically discussed that how the different governance structure of the team hamper the ability to compete win the financial market and on the basis of the sporting performance. In accordance with Eaude (2008) as a symbol of the catalian nationality FC Barcelona was ruled by the president Nunez and this has been led to the development of an organization which has been campaigned for member democracy. At that the club was not so much commercialized and fighting with the rival club Real Madrid in terms of commercialization and the financial turnover takes place. After that the new p[resident has been elected an d the governance structure has a change. In accordance with HernaÃÅ'â‚ ¬ndez and Hurtado (2007) since then after the year 2008 FC Barcelona has made a drastic change in the position and in the brand image of the team. The team has rebuilt and it has become financially strong as supported by the Spanish government done with the positive results. After that the sporting performance has been enhanced and FC Barcelona has won the La Liga titles in the year 2005 and in the year 2006 and won the Champions League in 2006. There have been changes in the model of the member democracy and improvements taking place in the structure of the governant and there has been the development of a campaign taking place which includes the BIG Challenge which increases the membership of the club so that the club becomes financially strong. It has been discussed that there have been huge investment done in the marketing of the club so that it should become commercially strong which has generated increa sed revenues from the promotion of the club as a result the financial performance has become better which has been increased from 123.4 million to 308.8 million which indicates that there has been the mutual ownership structure. The promotion of the corporate social responsibility activities have increased the funds making the clubs financially strong enough for the growth of the club financially and this has been the commercial strategy of the football club in order to generate more revenues which helps in enhancing the sporting performance of the players and the proper environment has been created inside the football team. It has been also suggested that with the focus on the relevant sponsorship of the shirts of FC Barcelona also reenergized the brand image of the team and there has been partnership with the different global brands and the political agencies which helps the team in the socio political context of the business and there has been influences from the political agencies to help the club financially as a result it has become politically as well as financially strong. The strategy of developing the campaigns for increasing the volumes of merchandise from the club is a unique strategy for commerc ialization of the club. It has also been suggested that the success of Laporta has facilitated the tremendous success of the club and this has been due to the aggressive marketing which enhances the sports excellence and the cultural sophistication of the team which actually helps in managing the governance of the club. References Burns, J. (1999).BarcÃÅ' §a. London: Bloomsbury. Ching, F., Jarzombek, M. and Prakash, V. (2011).A global history of architecture. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Eaude, M. (2008).Catalonia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Epstein, I. and Epstein, I. (1968).The Responsa of Rabbi Solomon ben Adreth of Barcelona, 1235-1310, as a source of the history of Spain. New York: Ktav Pub. House. Fraser, R. (1979).Blood of Spain. New York: Pantheon Books. Gaarskjr, J. (2010).BarcÃÅ' ¦a. Kbh.: Gyldendal. HernaÃÅ'â‚ ¬ndez, F. and Hurtado, V. (2007).The History of Catalonia. Barcelona: Rafael Dalmau. Hughes, R. (1992).Barcelona. New York: Knopf. Illugi JoÃÅ'ˆkulsson., and Illugi JoÃÅ'ˆkulsson., (n.d.).FC Barcelona. McDonogh, G. (1986).Good families of Barcelona. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. PijoaÃÅ' n, J. and Roys, R. (1933).History of art. Barcelona: Salvat Editores. Ranachan, E. (2008).Cheering for BarcÃÅ' §a. SabarteÃÅ' s, J. (1987).FC Barcelona zwischen Sport und Politik. Berlin: ed. tranvia. Villatoro, V. (2013).More than a team. Barcelona: Barcelona Digital Editions.